There is always an optical switch for you! - GLSUN Optical Switches Raw Manufacturer

GLSUN is an optical switch raw manufacturer with over 20 years of design and production experience.

A standardized and professional production line improves production efficiency and ensures quality stability.

We provide custom solutions with a full range of optical switches, including relay, stepping motor, MEMS, magnet, and nanosecond types. Features on low loss, fast, cost-effective, and reliable. Widely engineered for optical fiber communication, optical fiber sensing, quantum computing, network security and monitoring, etc.

MEMS Optical Switches - A Key Technology for the Future of Optical Communications

Introduction

MEMS optical switches are a type of optical switch that uses microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) to control the flow of light. MEMS are miniature mechanical devices that can be fabricated on a semiconductor substrate using a variety of techniques, including photolithography, etching, and deposition.

MEMS optical switches offer a number of advantages over other types of optical switches, including:

l Small size and weight: MEMS optical switches are typically much smaller and lighter than other types of optical switches, making them ideal for applications where space and weight are limited.

l Low power consumption: MEMS optical switches typically consume much less power than other types of optical switches, making them more energy efficient.

l High reliability: MEMS optical switches are typically very reliable, with failure rates of less than 1%.

Types of MEMS Optical Switches

There are two main types of MEMS optical switches:

• Rotary MEMS optical switches: Rotary MEMS optical switches use a rotating mirror to control the flow of light.
• Tilting MEMS optical switches: Tilting MEMS optical switches use a tilting mirror to control the flow of light.

Applications of MEMS Optical Switches

MEMS optical switches are used in a wide variety of applications, including:

l Telecommunications:

MEMS optical switches are used in telecommunications networks to route optical signals between different nodes.

l Data centers:

MEMS optical switches are used in data centers to connect servers and other network devices.

l Medical imaging:

MEMS optical switches are used in medical imaging devices to control the flow of light.

l Industrial automation:

MEMS optical switches are used in industrial automation systems to control the flow of light.

Future Trends

The market for MEMS optical switches is expected to grow significantly in the coming years. This is due to the increasing demand for small, lightweight, and reliable optical switches in a variety of applications.

Conclusion

MEMS optical switches are a versatile and reliable technology that is finding increasing use in a wide range of applications. As the demand for small, lightweight, and reliable optical switches continues to grow, MEMS optical switches are well positioned to continue to play a leading role in this market.

What’s a Fiber Optic Switch?

 Fiber Optic Switch is a device with one or more selected transmission windows that can perform mutual conversion or logical operation on optical signals in optical transmission lines or integrated optical circuits. The basic form of optical switch is 2x2, that is, every input port and output port have two optical fibers, which can complete two connection states, parallel connection and cross connection. The large space optical switch unit can be composed of the combination of a basic 2x2 and 1x2 fiber optic switch.

Optical switches play an important role in optical networks. In Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) transmission systems, optical switches can be used for wavelength driving, regeneration and clock extraction. In Optical Time Division Multiplex (OTDM) system, optical switches can be used for demultiplexing; in all-optical switching systems, optical switches are key components of Optical Cross-connect (OXC), and are also important components for wavelength conversion. The number of input and output ports of the switch can be divided into 1×1, 1×2, 1×N, 2×2, 2×N, M×N, etc. They have different uses in different occasions. They can be widely used in protection switching system of optical network, light source control in optical fiber testing, real-time monitoring system of network performance, testing of optical devices, construction of switching core of OXC equipment, optical add/drop multiplexing, optical testing, optical Sensing systems, etc.

Main Types of Fiber Optic Switches

At present, the most widely used ones are still 1×2 and 2×2 mechanical optical switches. Traditional opto-mechanical optic switches can directly couple light to the output end through moving optical fibers, use prisms and reflectors to switch light paths, and send or reflect light directly to the output end.

There are three main types of mechanical optical switches: one uses prism switching light path technology, the other uses mirror switching technology, and the third uses moving optical fiber to switch the light path. The optical fiber is connected to the lens (collimator) that plays a collimating role and is fixed. The optical path between the input and port output is changed by moving the prism. When the reflector does not enter the light path, the optical switch is in a straight-through state. The light entering from fiber 1 enters fiber 4, and the light entering from fiber 2 enters fiber 3. When the reflector is at the intersection of the two light rays, the optical switch is in the intersection state. , the light entering fiber 1 enters fiber 3, and the light entering fiber 2 enters fiber 4 to achieve optical path switching. The mobile optical fiber optical switch is an optical fiber with fixed ends. The device at the other end of the mobile device is connected to different ports of the fixed device to realize switching of optical paths. This type of optical switch has low return loss and is greatly affected by ambient temperature. There is no real switching product.

The advantages of mechanical optical switches are low insertion loss (<1dB), high isolation (>45dB), independent of wavelength and detour, and mature production technology. Faced with the total switching action time (ms), the size is relatively large, and it is not suitable for large-scale foreign optical switch matrices, and sometimes there are problems of rebound and poor repeatability. Mechanical optical switches have been widely used in recent years. However, as the scale of optical networks continues to expand, this type of switch is difficult to adapt to the future development needs of high-speed and large-capacity optical transmission networks.

Micro-electro-mechanical System (MEMS) Optical Switches

Microelectronic mechanical optical switches have developed rapidly in recent years. They are a new type of micro-electro-optical integrated switch produced by combining semiconductor micro-processing technology with micro-optical and micro-mechanical technologies. It is a new type of switch for large-capacity switching optical networks. The mainstream direction of switch development.

MEMS(Micro Electro-Mechanical System) optical switches are carved into a number of tiny lenses on a silicon crystal. Through the action of electrostatic force or electromagnetic force, the movable mirrors can be raised, lowered, rotated or moved, thereby changing the propagation direction of the input light to realize the function of optical path on/off. MEMS optical switches have obvious advantages over other optical switches. The switching time is measured in microseconds. MEMS fiber optic switch adopts IC manufacturing technology, is small in size and highly integrated. The working method has nothing with the format, protocol, wavelength, transmission direction, matrix direction, and modulation of the optical signal. It can process optical signals of any wavelength. Besides, it has the advantages of low insertion loss, low crosstalk, low polarization sensitivity, high extinction ratio, high switching speed, small size, and easy large-scale integration.

According to functions, MEMS optical switches can be divided into optical path bias type, moving fiber contact type and mirror reflection type. Mirror reflection type MEMS optical switches are easy to integrate and control, and can easily form an optical switch array. They are the focus of MEMS optical switch research. They can be divided into 2D MEMS optical switches and 3D MEMS optical switches. The concept of 1D MEMS fiber optic switches is also proposed. The so-called 2D means that the movable mirror and fiber are located on the same plane, and the mirror is either on or off at any specified moment. In this mode, the mirror array is connected to N input fibers and M output fibers. The number of mirrors required for an N×N matrix optical switch is N². Therefore this method is also called N² structure scheme.

Applications of Optical Bypass Protection

With the large-scale and rapid deployment of base stations, restricted by optical cable resources, it is very common for base station networks to have chain or large ring structures. Under this network structure, once a link disconnection or multi-point open loop accident occurs, it will lead to widespread site outage. Therefore, how to avoid large-scale station outages caused by power outages, transmission equipment failures, difficulties in accessing stations, etc. has become an urgent problem to be solved.

The optical bypass protection system, OBP, can monitor the power condition and luminous state of transmission equipment of base station in real-time, effectively avoiding large-scale station breakage caused by power failure or fault of transmission equipment, and has the advantages of high reliability, fast switching speed, and low cost, which is a simple and effective solution.

Introduction to Optical Bypass Protection Technology

As shown in the figure above, the optical bypass protection system is a kind of optical switching system applied in the field of optical fiber communication and can automatically bypass the faulty network node, which can automatically identify the power supply state of the network node and the output state of the optical signal, and when the local optical equipment is faulty (including power interruption, hardware or software failure, etc.), it can instantly switch to the bypass optical path, and the communication line will bypass the local equipment (i.e., the faulty node) to avoid the full-blocking obstacle caused by the faulty node and ensure the system connectivity.

The OBP completes the main and backup route switching by the built-in bistable optical switch, which can detect both the power state of the protected equipment and the optical power of the protected equipment in real time, and the working principle is as follows:

(1) When the protected equipment is powered and emitted normally, the optical path is in a normal state;

(2) When it is detected that the protected equipment is powered off and the luminous power is lower than the preset threshold, the OBP will automatically switch to the fiber pass-through state;

(3) When the OBP device is powered off alone and the protected device is running normally, the OBP will instantly detect the optical power of the protected device with the help of the internal high-stable capacitor. If the optical power is normal, no switching operation will be performed.

Conclusion

OBP equipment optical power detection is accurate, and the insertion loss is small; the base station power failure can instantly switch to bypass state, bypassing the local transmission equipment; when the base station power supply is restored after the transmission equipment is fully activated, it can be instantly cut back to the main mode, and ensure the normal work of other network elements on the network in the bypass and the cut back to achieve the protection function of the OBP equipment, and therefore can be applied in large quantities to the link is too much, or the faults occur frequently, Therefore, it can be used in a large number of base stations with too many links, or frequent failures, or where it is difficult to enter the base station for maintenance, to protect the normal operation of the service well.

Is the gold finger of an optical module really made of gold？

 Do you know how an optical transceiver maintains stable transmission? Today, we will introduce the weapon for maintaining stable transmission of optical modules - the gold finger.

An optical transceiver typically consists of optical devices, a functional circuit board (PCB), a shell, and other parts. And, the gold finger is a critical part of signal transmission. The "gold finger" of an optical transceiver refers to the gold-plated conductive contacts on the PCB board, which are mainly used to connect to other devices. The gold finger is responsible for transmitting signals and power, and ensuring the normal operation of the optical transceiver. Additionally, the thickness of the gold plating on the gold finger directly affects the transmission quality of the optical module, such as issues like current and voltage fluctuations or abnormal temperature increases.

So, is the "gold" in the gold finger actually made of real gold? We believe you will find the answer after reading the following content.

The most common "gold" used in gold fingers falls into the following two types:

1. Electroplating Nickel Gold 

Gold plating is a surface treatment process for PCBs. With a thickness ranging from 3-50 μm, it has excellent conductivity, oxidation resistance, and wear resistance, making it widely used in gold finger PCBs that require repeated plugging and unplugging. Due to the high cost of gold plating, it is only applied to gold finger and other localized gold plating treatment.

Advantages of Electroplating Nickel Gold

• Superior Conductivity
• Anti-Oxidation
• Anti-Corrosion
• Reduce Contact Resistance
• Wear Resistance

2. Sinking Gold

Sinking gold typically has a thickness of 1 μm, but can reach up to 3 μm. Compared to electroplating nickel gold, sinking gold has higher conductivity, flatness, and solderability, making it widely used in high-precision PCBs with components like key buttons and IC bindings. For gold finger PCBs that do not require high wear resistance, full-board sinking gold process can also be chosen. The cost of sinking gold process is much lower than that of electroplating nickel gold process.

Advantages of Electroplating Nickel Gold

• Superior Conductivity
• Anti-Oxidation
• Anti-Corrosion
• Reduce Contact Resistance
• Wear Resistance

With the development of electronic information, the Internet, and industrial manufacturing, gold fingers are widely used in optical transceiver modules, memory cards, USB interfaces, and more.

Now, do you know what kind of "gold" is used in the gold finger?

Types and Applications of 10G, 40G, 100G Optical Transceivers

Optical transceivers, also known as optical modules, are key components to enable fiber optic communications, and they play a vital role in data center systems such as servers, network equipment, and storage systems. With the continuous growth of data center network traffic, the demand for optical modules is increasing. Here, we will introduce you to the types and applications of 10G, 40G, and 100G optical modules.

 

l GLSUN 10G/40G/100G Optical Transceiver Types

 

-Types of 10G Optical Transceivers

A 10G optical transceiver is a fiber optic module used for transmission rates of 10Gbps. It can transmit data through fiber optic media to achieve high-bandwidth and long-distance data transmission. 10G optical transceivers usually adopt standardized packages and interfaces for connecting with network devices (such as switches, routers, servers, etc.). Common types of 10G optical transceivers include SFP+ optical modules, XFP modules, and X2 modules.

-Types of 40G Optical Transceivers

The 40G optical transceiver refers to the optical fiber module with a transmission rate of 40Gbps. QSFP+ and CFP are the main packaging forms, and the 40G QSFP+ optical transceiver is one of the most widely used.

-Types of 100G Optical Transceivers

A 100G optical transceiver is a fiber optic module used for transmission rates of 100Gbps. It is a key component for ultra-high bandwidth and high-speed data transmission. According to the different encapsulation methods, 100G optical transceivers are mainly CFP2, CFP4 and QSFP28. The principle of 100G QSFP28 optical transceiver is similar to that of 40G QSFP+ optical module, which adopts 4-channel full-duplex mode for data transmission.

 

l GLSUN 10G/40G/100G Optical Transceiver Applications

 

-Applications of 10G Optical Transceivers

10G optical transceivers mainly include SFP+ optical modules and XFP optical modules. The XFP optical module is relatively large because it appeared earlier, while the SFP+ optical module is an upgraded version of the SFP optical module, and has low cost, small size, and compatibility. It has been widely used in data center networks due to its strong performance and other advantages.

Today, 10G network technology and market are mature, and the solution for 10G data centers is usually 10G switches with SFP+ 10G optical modules. The 10G optical module transmits data signals through optical fibers, providing high-speed, high-bandwidth data transmission capabilities. Whether in a local area network (LAN) or a wide area network (WAN), 10G optical modules can meet the demand for high bandwidth and large-capacity data transmission.

 

-Applications of 40G Optical Transceivers

The current mainstream packaging type of 40G optical transceivers is QSFP+. This compact hot-swappable optical module usually has 4 transmission channels, and the data rate of each channel is 10Gbps, and this optical module complies with 10G/40G Ethernet, 20G/40G Infiniband and other standards, it greatly meets the market's demand for high density and high speed.

 

-Applications of 100G Optical Transceivers

The main package type of 100G optical transceiver is QSFP28. The QSFP28 optical transceiver supports 4×25G data transmission mode, and because of its high port density, low power consumption and low cost, it is favored by data center users.

100G optical modules are used to connect cloud servers, virtual machines and network devices to achieve fast data transmission and network connections. It is widely used in data centers, telecom operators, cloud computing and other fields that require large-capacity data transmission and high-speed connections.

The Applications of MEMS Optical Switches

 MEMS optical switch is based on micro-electro-mechanical system, using optical micromirror or optical micromirror array to change the propagation direction of light beam to realize the switching of optical path. What scenarios can MEMS optical switches be applied to?

MCS（Multicast Optical Switch）
The multicast optical switch (MCS) based on PLC technology and MEMS technology is a key component of the next-generation reconfigurable optical add-drop multiplexing system (ROADM); Every functional unit consists of 1xM Splitters and 1xN MEMS optical switches; provide connections from N add (or drop) ports to M directions.

iODF (Intelligent Optical Distribution Frame)
Through the cascade integration of optical switches, it can be used in iODF to replace the traditional distribution frame in the industry private network.

OXC (Optical Cross Connect)
Through the cascade integration of optical switches, it can be used in small-scale OXCs to meet the needs of industry private networks and key lines in data centers.

Optical Performance Monitoring
Integrated with TOF or OPM, combined with monitoring software, through Time Division Multiplexing TDM, to monitor the signal performance of DWDM channel in the multi-core optical fiber in the optical cable, widely used in optical transmission network optical cable monitoring, ROADM network, DCI, etc.

Optical Cable Monitoring
Integrated with OTDR, combined with monitoring software, through time-division multiplexing OTDR, to monitor the quality status of multi-core optical fibers in optical cables, widely used in the optical cable monitoring of PON network, optical transmission network, enterprise private network, etc.

Fiber Optic Sensing
The main products are 1x4 and 1x8 for fiber optic sensing.

Test Instrumentation and Factory Automation
The test instrument and factory automation markets are relatively small, but they have high added value and have high requirements on the optical performance of optical switches, such as insertion loss, return loss, and repeatability.

DWDM System
Channel power equalization, link node power attenuation, optical receiver protection, and fast control of optical line on/off.

Basic Knowledge of Optical Transceiver Modules

Definition
Optical module is an optical transceiver integrated module.

Structure
The optical transceiver integrated module is composed of optoelectronic devices, functional circuits and optical interfaces, etc. The optoelectronic devices include the two parts of transmitting and receiving.

The transmitting part is the electrical signal of a certain code rate is input and processed by the internal driver chip to drive the semiconductor laser (LD) or light-emitting diode (LED) to emit a modulated optical signal at a corresponding rate. It has an optical power automatic control circuit inside, so that The output optical signal power remains stable.

The receiving part is an optical signal with a certain code rate is input into the module and then converted into an electrical signal by a light detection diode. The electrical signal of corresponding code rate is output after passing through the preamplifier, and the output signal is generally at the PECL level. At the same time, an alarm signal will be sent when the input optical power is less than a certain value.

Parameters
There are many important photoelectric technical parameters for optical transceiver module, but for a hot plug optical module, the following three parameters are the most concerned when selecting:

Center Wavelength
850nm（MM, multi-mode, low cost but short transmission distance, generally only 500M）；
1310nm (SM, single mode, large loss but small dispersion during transmission, generally used for transmission within 40KM);
1550nm (SM, single mode, small loss but large dispersion during transmission, generally used for long-distance transmission above 40KM, the farthest can be up to 120KM without any repeater)
In addition to the above conventional wavelengths, CWDM wavelength (SM, single-mode, color optical module) and DWDM wavelength (SM, single-mode, color optical module) are also used in multiplex transmission.

Data Rates
The number of bits of data transmitted per second (bit), in bps.
There are 7 types in common use currently: 155Mbps, 1.25Gbps, 2.5Gbps, 10Gbps, 25Gbps, 40Gbps, 100Gbps, etc. The transmission rate is generally downward compatible, so 155M optical modules are also called FE (100M) optical modules, 1.25G optical modules are also called GE (Gigabit) optical modules, and 10G optical modules are also called 10GE (10 Gigabit) optical modules. 10G optical modules are the most widely used module in optical transmission equipment currently. In addition, in the optical storage system (SAN), its transmission rate is 2Gbps, 4Gbps and 8Gbps.

Transmission Distance
The distance in kilometers (km) that optical signals can be transmitted directly without relay amplification. The transmission distance of the optical module is generally 550m for multi-mode, 20km, 40km, 80km and 120km for single-mode, etc.

Laser Types
The laser is a key device in the optical transceiver module. It injects current into the semiconductor material, and emits laser light through the photon oscillation and gain of the resonator. At present, the most commonly used lasers are FP and DFB lasers. The difference between them is that the different semiconductor materials and different resonant cavity structures. The price of DFB lasers is much more expensive than that of FP lasers. Optical modules with transmission distances within 40KM generally use FP lasers; optical modules with transmission distances ≥ 40KM generally use DFB lasers.

Loss and Dispersion
Loss refers to the loss of light energy due to the absorption, scattering and leakage of the medium when light is transmitted in the optical fiber. This part of the energy is dissipated at a certain rate as the transmission distance increases. Dispersion is mainly due to the fact that electromagnetic waves of different wavelengths propagate at different speeds in the same medium, resulting in different wavelength components of the optical signal arriving at the receiving end at different times due to the accumulation of transmission distances, resulting in pulse broadening, which makes it impossible to distinguish signals value. These two parameters mainly affect the transmission distance of the optical module. In the actual application process, the link loss of the 1310nm optical module is generally calculated at 0.35dBm/km, the link loss of the 1550nm optical module is generally calculated at 0.20dBm/km. But the calculation of the dispersion value is very complicated and generally only for reference.

Transmitting Optical Power and Receiving Sensitivity
Transmitting optical power refers to the output optical power of the light source at the transmitting end of the optical module, and receiving sensitivity refers to the minimum receiving optical power of the optical module under a certain rate and bit error rate. Both are in dBm and are important parameters affecting transmission distance. The transmission distance of optical modules is mainly limited by loss and dispersion. The loss limit can be estimated according to the formula: loss limited distance = (transmitted optical power - receiving sensitivity) / fiber attenuation. The fiber attenuation is related to the actual selected fiber. Generally, the G.652 optical fiber can achieve 0.5dB/km in the 1310nm band, and 0.3dB/km in the 1550nm band or even better. The 50um multimode fiber is 4dB/km in the 850nm band and 2dB/km in the 1310nm band. For 100M and 1000M optical modules, the dispersion limitation is far greater than the loss limitation, so it can be ignored. The 10GE optical module complies with the 802.3ae standard, and the transmission distance is related to the type of optical fiber and the optical performance of the optical transceiver module.

Service Life
International unified standard, 7x24 hours of uninterrupted work for 50,000 hours (equivalent to 5 years).

Interface Types
LC, SC, MPO, RJ45

What's the Differences Between Single Mode and Multimode Fiber?

 Technical Difference

Core Diameter
Single-mode fiber has a small core diameter (8.3 to 10 microns), allowing only one mode of light to propagate. Multimode fiber optic cables have large diameter cores (50 to 100 microns) that allow multiple modes of light to propagate.

Light Source
Multimode devices typically use LEDs or lasers as the light source, while singlemode devices use lasers or laser diodes to generate the light injected into the cable.

Main Differences
Distance
Light travels longer in single-mode cables than in multimode cables, so multimode fiber is suitable for short-distance applications, up to about 550m at 10Git/s. When the distance exceeds 550m, single-mode fiber is preferred.

Price
Multimode fiber usually costs less than singlemode fiber.

Bandwidth
Singlemode has higher bandwidth than multimode, up to 100,000 GHz.

Multimode Fiber Connector Types
The types of multimode fiber optic connectors in circulation include ST, SC, FC, LC, MU, E2000, MTRJ, SMA, DIN, and MTP&MPO, etc. The most commonly used types of fiber optic connectors include ST, SC, FC, and LC.

MMF Connector	Ferrule Size	Typical Insertion Loss (dB)	Application Features
SC	φ2.5mm ceramic	0.25-0.5	Mainstream, reliable, fast deployment, filed fit
LC	φ1.25mm ceramic	0.25-0.5	High density, cost-effective,filed fit
FC	φ2.5mm ceramic	0.25-0.5	High precision, vibration environment, field fit
ST	φ2.5mm ceramic	0.25-0.5	Military, filed fit

What are the advantages of multimode fiber?
While single-mode fiber patch cables offer advantages in terms of bandwidth and transmission distance, multimode fiber can easily support most of the distances required by enterprise and data center networks at a much lower cost than single-mode fiber. In addition, multimode fiber optic cables have many significant advantages.

Multi-user framework without lossy interference
The characteristic of multimode fiber is that it can carry multiple signals simultaneously in the same line, and most importantly, there is almost no loss of total power inside the signal.
Thus, a network user can send multiple data packets down the cable at the same time, and all information will be delivered to its destination without any interference and remain unchanged.

Support Multiple Protocols
Multimode fiber can support a variety of data transmission protocols, including Ethernet, Infiniband, and Internet Protocol. As a result, one can use the cable as a backbone for a range of high-value applications.

Cost-effective
With larger cores and good alignment tolerances, multimode fibers and components are less expensive, easier to use with other optical components such as fiber optic connectors and fiber optic adapters, and the operation, installation and maintenance of multimode patch cords Costs less than single-mode fiber optic cables.

Conclusion
Due to its high capacity and reliability, multimode fiber is commonly used in backbone applications in buildings, and in general, MMF cable remains the most cost-effective option for enterprise and data center applications up to a range of 500-600 meters.

But this is not to say that we can replace single-mode optical fiber with multi-mode optical cable. As for choosing single-mode optical fiber jumper or multi-mode jumper, it all depends on the application, transmission distance and coverage you need. Total budget allowed.

SFP-10G-SR vs. SFP-10G-LR

 With the development of technology, from the original GBIC, XENPAK, X2 to the current SFP28, QSFP2 optical modules are used in different application scenarios. However, based on the market analysis, the 10G SFP+ optical modules are still the most in demand, especially SFP-10G-SR and SFP-10G-LR.

SFP-10G-SR and SFP-10G-LR have different wavelengths, transmission distances, fiber types and laser types：

Module	SFP-10G-SR	SFP-10G-LR
Wavelength	850nm	1310nm
Transmission Distance	300m	10km
Fiber Type	MMF	SMF
Laser Type	VCSEL	DFB
DOM	Support	Support

SFP-10G-SR optical module, where SR means short range (Short Range), the center wavelength is 850nm, it can be used with 62.5/125um multimode fiber and 50/125um multimode fiber, and its transmission distance will be affected by the fiber type, as follows (refer to IEEE Standard 802.3)

Data Rate	Fiber Type	Model Bandwidth @850nm (MHz-km)	Distance Range(m)
9.83-11.3Gb/s	62.5/125um MMF	160	26
9.83-11.3Gb/s	62.5/125um MMF	200	33
9.83-11.3Gb/s	50/125um MMF	400	66
9.83-11.3Gb/s	50/125um MMF	500	82
9.83-11.3Gb/s	50/125um MMF	2000	100

SFP-10G-LR optical module, where LR refers to the long range (Long Range), the center wavelength is 1310nm, it is used with 9/125um single-mode fiber, and the effective transmission is 2km to 10km.

Applications of SFP-10G-SR & SFP-10G-LR
Comparison of the characteristics of the two modules shows that the advantages and applications are as follows: SFP-10G-SR optical module has the characteristics of miniaturization and low power consumption. The TOSA laser used is a VCSEL laser, and the cost is low. The short transmission distance is suitable for short-distance application scenarios, such as enterprises, hospitals and data centers. SFP-10G-LR optical module has the characteristics of miniaturization, low power consumption and long transmission distance. It is suitable for medium and long-distance application scenarios, such as campus, industrial districts, and operator customers, big data centers, etc.

When using these two types of optical modules with optical fibers, should be paid attention to the fact that single-mode optical fibers cannot be inserted into multi-mode optical modules, because the divergence angle of the optical signal sent by the multi-mode optical module is large, while the aperture of single-mode optical fibers is small. Too little light enters the fiber to travel long distances. Meanwhile, it is not recommended to multi-mode optical fiber into the single-mode optical module, because although the light emitted by the single-mode optical module can all enter the optical fiber, it is transmitted in multi-mode mode in the optical fiber, and the dispersion is large, so it can only be transmitted over a short distance. And in this case, the optical power of the receiving end will increase, which will cause the optical power over"" of the receiving end. Therefore, it is not recommended to use multi-mode optical fibers with single-mode optical modules.

What's Optical Protection?

 Optical protection means that once the optical fiber cable is broken, but the communication network won’t be interrupted.

 

OLP optical line protection is a functional device used in optical fiber communication to automatically switch between the main and backup optical paths. It can monitor the optical signal status of the main and backup links in real time. When the optical cable of the main link fails, the system automatically switches to the backup link. transmission, protect the system from running normally, and improve system stability.

Optical line protection can realize functions such as optical power monitoring, automatic switching of optical paths, and network management. In the optical communication network, OLP monitors the optical power on the working fiber and the standby fiber in real time. When the optical power value on the current working fiber is detected to be lower than the set switching threshold, it will issue a warning prompt and automatically switch to the standby fiber, thereby Realize the protection of the optical transmission system. OLP can simply and economically form protection schemes for various channels and trunk lines, and can also protect various networks that require optical path switching, so as to form a non-blocking, high-reliability, safe, flexible, and disaster-resistant optical communications network.

Features
⦁ Automatic Instantaneous Switching
⦁ Real-time Monitoring of Luminous Power
⦁ Reduce Various Losses Caused by Network Node Failures
⦁ Increase the Reliability of Transmission Network
⦁ Improve the Service Quality of Operation
⦁ Main Route and Backup Route can be Scheduled Arbitrarily

Applications
⦁ Backbone Network
⦁ 5G Base Station Fronthaul
⦁ Government and Enterprise Backbone Network
⦁ Banking and Finance Network, etc

 

OBP Optical bypass protection is an intelligent system that is applied in the field of optical fiber communication and can automatically bypass faulty network nodes. The system automatically recognizes the power supply status and optical signal output status of network nodes. The faulty network nodes can be avoided, so as to avoid all-blocking obstacles in the network nodes and maintain the normal connection of the system.

 

Features
⦁ High Security
⦁ Transmitting Signals Transparently
⦁ Automatic Switching without Blocking
⦁ Effectively Respond to Power-off and Light-Emitting Faults

 

Applications
⦁ Local Network Base Station
⦁ Local Network Transmission Station
⦁ Network Room
⦁ Others

What Are the Key Components of Optical Transceiver Module?

 The function of optical transceiver module is to perform photoelectric conversion, and its internal TOSA, ROSA and BOSA are the key components to realize the photoelectric conversion function. The optical device is composed of transmitter and receiver to complete the optical-electrical or electrical-optical conversion of optical signals.

The interior is composed of optical devices, functional circuits and optical interfaces. The optical device is the main component of the optical transceiver module.

The optical devices used for optical signal conversion are called TOSA and ROSA.

TOSA (Transmitting Optical Sub-Assembly) mainly completes the conversion of electrical signals into optical signals. With the light source (semiconductor light-emitting diode or laser diode) as the core, LD chip, monitor photodiode (MD) and other components are packaged in a TO coaxial package or butterfly package, which constitutes TOSA.

In TOSA, laser diode is the most commonly used semiconductor emitting device for optical transceiver modules. Threshold current (Ith) and slope efficiency (S) are the two main parameters. In order to make the LD work quickly, a DC bias current slightly greater than the threshold current must be provided to the LD, that is, the laser is emitted only when the forward current exceeds the threshold current.

ROSA (Resceiving Optical Sub-Assembly) optical receiving assembly, in the high data rate optical fiber module, PIN or APD photodiode and TIA are usually assembled in a sealed metal casing to form an optical receiving assembly.

The figure below is the schematic diagram of the optical module ROSA, which is composed of a photodetector (PIN/APD), a TIA pre-amplifier, and a limiting amplifier.

Photodetector, the main device of ROSA, is mainly used to convert optical signals into electronic signals through the photoelectric effect. The common photodetectors in optical communications are PIN photodiodes and avalanche photodiodes (APDs). APDs are high-sensitivity photodetectors that use the avalanche multiplication effect to double the photocurrent. Compared with PIN photodiode, the receiving sensitivity of APD can be improved by 6~10dB.

The weak signal current generated by the photodetector is converted into a signal voltage of sufficient magnitude by the preamplifier TIA, and then output. TIA is actually a voltage converter, which converts electro-optic current into voltage.

At this time, the voltage signal output by the TIA is still an analog signal, which needs to be converted into a digital signal before the signal processing circuit can recognize it. The function of the Poster Amplifier behind the TIA is to convert signals of different amplitudes into digital signals with the same amplitude.

After introducing TOSA and ROSA, let's take a look at what is BOSA?
With the development of process level technology, the modules can be made smaller. TOSA and ROSA integrate the transmission and reception of light (LD and PIN/APD) through the coaxial coupling process, plus splitters, optical fibers and other components, called BOSA (Bi-Directional Optical Sub-Assembly).

Nowadays, the high-speed optical transceiver module integrates high-performance DSP at the receiving end, and its performance in terms of dispersion and noise processing is really good.